Psy 265 Final Personal Response on Sexual Identity

University of Phoenix/Axia College | Personal Response on Sexual Identity | Psychology 265 | name 11/7/2010 | What is our purpose in life? That is a question many people ask themselves every day. As we become older people believe that wisdom is automatically granted through knowledge and experience. I was one of those people until taking this course. When first I opened and read the first chapter of the text I believed I was an experienced and a mature individual in knowing myself intellectually, mentally, and sexually. However, this has been an awakening although I do possess much about basic knowledge for my age in sexual issues there was still much I did not know (Rathus, Nevid amp; Fichner-Rathus, 2005).†¦show more content†¦However, even with all of these pieces coming together to create a person’s sexual orientation none of them completely determine a person’s sexual choice. The determination of my gender identity was preset by my parents giving me the chromosomes XY, gave me an anatomic appearance of a female. Also being reared in a hetero environm ent had an influence in becoming a female as well. So the relation to the masculinity-femininity continuum is that I posses both traits feminine and masculine. In some situations I tend to carry myself as a caring and soft-spoken female, is typical for feminine behavior. On the other hand I express more masculine attributes like aggressiveness and self-reliance, which is typical for masculine behavior. Both add in the development in determining and sustaining my gender identity. The biological perspective by the way was inherited from my parents and aided in the development of the characteristics in becoming a woman, gender role of nurturing and caring individual, and maternal tendencies in taking care of my child. Then the psychological perspective according to my mother to which she insists that I was a normal girl with particular behaviors toward feminine toys and clothes. As a final point, the social environment offers an insight into the typical social role of an American woman , which was predetermined at birth by my social surroundings (Rathus, Nevid amp;Show MoreRelatedEssay on Personal Response on Sexuality Identity1766 Words   |  8 PagesFinal Project: Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Adriele Ajavon Psychology of Human Sexuality/ PSY 265 10/24/2010 Dean Marzofka Sex is a significant act of life. The deed is commonly initiated by arousal and results in conception or sheer satisfaction. A great deal of thought rarely goes into the execution of the actual performance, as sexual urges are instinctive. The true brainpower lies within the thought processes associated with sex. Love, commitment, and friendship are three aspectsRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages5 FIGURE 1—1 The 10 Occupations with the Fastest Employment Growth, 1996—2006 Numbers in Thousands of Jobs Occupation Database administrators, computer support specialists, and all other computer scientists Computer engineers Systems analysts Personal and home care aides Physical and corrective therapy assistants and aides Home health aides Medical assistants Desktop publishing specialists Physical therapists Occupational therapy assistants and aides Employment 1996 212 216 506 202 84 495 225Read MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesE:\BILLS\H3962.IH H3962 78 1 plan beneficiary identification card or similar 2 mechanism; 3 ‘‘(E) enable, where feasible, near real-time 4 adjudication of claims; 5 ‘‘(F) provide for timely acknowledgment, 6 response, and status reporting applicable to any 7 electronic transaction deemed appropriate by 8 the Secretary; 9 ‘‘(G) describe all data elements (such as 10 reason and remark codes) in unambiguous 11 terms, not permit optional

The Accounting Of Territorial Formation - 1508 Words

The accountant of the conquest, and the making of what is today Latin America is a debatable subject in the field of humanities, especially in the field history. The most widespread approaches of this history are that of violence, war, oppression, possession of territories, and foundation of new colonies. In Frontier of Possessions, Tamar Herzog, a historian, professor of Latin American presents an account of the conquest from a different perspective, one that proposes that the acquisition of the territory of the New World by Spain and Portugal was a result of â€Å"interactions of many actors that caused territorial division in both Iberia and the Americas† (Herzog, 6). Hence, I conquer that one of the reasons of the conquest was the desire†¦show more content†¦Under those premises, Herzog steps away from comparative history. And focus at history that look at the information, in a thematically agreement with specific actors, and arguments, rather that in sequence, a nd progression in particular place. From the above mentioned, when analyzing the territorial division in the Americas is necessary to ponder why the treaties failed? Was not the Tordecillas treaty, which gave the right to conquest and posses the New World, enough? This question is very important, and Herzog explores it: the treaty of Tordecillas did not specify a geographical division; European couldn t agree, and trust their science or modernization. This contradictory approach is important in the narrative of Frontiers of Possessions; Herzog presents an opposed view to narrative about the modernity of the Europeans conquerors. It is ironic to think about modernization, conquest, and possessions of lands when European couldn’t trust their own modernity, and yet used it as a justifiable reason to posses. This comes to show that these groups of people were common people that possibly did not understood or even care about modernity, but rather possession through different means . As an illustration, Herzog points out that Spaniard and Portuguese did not bother about â€Å" linear or zonal classification of the land.Show MoreRelatedU.s. Gangs And The Gangs1317 Words   |  6 PagesDecker et al. (2009) suggest this theory is accurate claiming that â€Å"immigration, ethnicity, and culture matter insofar as fear, mistrust, threat, and conflict are present in the areas where ethnic groups are arriving†¦and are breeding grounds for gang formation† (p. 395). 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Human Resource Management Organizations †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Human Resource Management Organizations? Answer: Introducation In the recent past, HRM has become a priority for most managers in todays organizations. It is considered to be a significant strategic partner that is located at the higher echelons of an organization (Bilimoria Piderit, 2007). From what has been observed HR managers are now aggressively participating in strategic decision making in HR issues together with broader business and organizational performance concerns. This particular article talks about the role of HRM and how it ensures that todays organizations HR provides it with a competitive advantage. Key competitive challenges that organizations are facing have also been highlighted. The main aim or purpose of this particular article has been to put more emphasis on the effective ways that todays organizations can manage individuals and the challenges most likely to be experienced in present managerial and HR practice (Scherer Palazzo, 2011). The evidence or data was collected from a number of employers and employees in Australian organizations. Researchers focused on local cases, illustrations and empirical study, and managed to address real-life complications for HRM in the Asia-Pacific area and Australia. Information was also collected from professional networks across these two regions, something that provided invaluable concepts to the researchers. From the findings, it was determined that one of HRMs key issues is ensuring that the health and safety of employees is not placed at risk, in an active workplace setting where novel risks are regularly coming up (Garavan McGuire, 2010). It was also determined that managers have started implementing effective HRM strategies that have so far proven successful in maintaining a competitive edge. Literature Review HRM functions have been concentrated on the micro level of individual performance and individual action. Factors such as workforce and societal demographic transformations, economic influences, theoretical developments, and increased significance of management strategy have greatly contributed to the rise of HRM as a significant part of organizational operation (Boushey, 2008). Notably, an organizations strategic management decision making process generally occurs at its higher levels. Once a strategy has been determined, HRM profoundly impacts the implementation of the plan through the development and alignment of HR practices that eventually ensures that the organization has inspired workers who possess the necessary talents. It is evident that a strategic approach requires more than the development of a legitimate choice procedure or state-of-the-art performance management systems (Stone, 2013). Where business operations are concerned, health and safety and ethical issues are always a consideration. People might be tempted to think of most modern day workplaces as being safe. Furthermore, technological advances have greatly minimized or gotten rid of various physical hazards. While conventional Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risks seem to have been brought under control, more and more complex and systematic approaches to this management are being encouraged (Ferrary, 2008). From what has been observed, failure to ensure health and safety of all workers can lead to deadly outcomes. On the other hand, the ethical discussion has for the past few years focused on the duties and rights of employers and workers, especially issues of fairness and justice in the employment association. HRM practices and guiding principles in fields such as performance management, implementation of codes of conduct, and training, may be worthy in the implementation of Corporate Social Responsib ility initiatives, particularly where issues of application, internal understanding and valuing of CSR principles is concerned (Scherer Palazzo, 2011). Methods, Data Analysis and Results The authors of this article collected data or information by using a mixed mode approach. This is one which employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches given that it is not only complementary and pluralistic, but also inclusive. The mixed mode approach ensures that questions raised in the course of a research are best answered through combined research solutions (Stone, 2013). The authors also used survey research where information is provided describing already existing occurrences by questioning participants about their attitudes, values, behavior, or points of view. The respondents or target population was a group of employees and employers from an Australian company. It had been reported that the employees were unimpressed with trust in their job security, remuneration, leadership, and work setting. Assumptions had also been made regarding disengaged workers whose negative attitude influenced the overall organizational productivity (Jenkins Delbridge, 2013). Within this chosen organization, senior management and HR were still utilizing conventional practices that are no longer acceptable in todays aggressive business environment. Findings indicated that priorities of Australian employees have moved, with job security and salary strongly being identified as the most significant factors that HRM should consider. These results are believable because they have been observed and still continue to be observed in most organizations today. Conclusion From the findings, it is clear to see that a strategic approach to HRM usually incorporates proposing and realizing a set of internally reliable practices and policies so as to ensure that an organizations human capital is enhanced and contributes to the attainment of business goals and sustainable competitive advantage. That is why todays companies need to understand the significance of activities in which HR connects in terms of their strategic worth. In a setting of rapid corporate change, many HR experts and operations have learned to reinvent themselves by improving services at a lower cost and firmer associations with the business. It is the strategic management of the Human Resource operation that eventually determines whether or not HR will change itself into a genuine strategic associate, or vanish. The authors define Strategic Human Resource Management as an example of planned HR exploitations and activities aimed at enabling a company to attain its goals (Jackson, Schuler Jiang, 2014). Todays organizations have acknowledged that the victory of the strategic management process is determined by the extent to which the Human Resource function is incorporated. SHRM simply refers to a unique approach to employment management seeking to attain competitive advantage through strategic use of very loyal and able workforce. This is achieved by using various structural, personnel, and cultural methods. Recently, there have been a number of presumed or advantageous outcomes of SHRM, for instance, it allows organizations to have effective relations with their employees and to coexist harmoniously (Kramar, 2012). The significance of SHRM cannot be overstressed given the fact that people happen to be the driving force behind any given organization. The way that a suitably implemented strategic human resources plan assists an organization to achieve its goals is considered to be one of the many benefits of SHRM. Notably, strategic human resources mean the development of plans that will assist in motivating workers to more output and more productivity. As a company assesses its HR policies, it is also able to utilize the strategic plans objectives and aims to assess each Human Resource process (Boushey, 2008). Organizations that fall out of the strategic vision are usually rejected in favor of better ones. Another benefit that has been observed in terms of strategic HRM is that it assists in fostering a sense of team spirit and companionship within an organization. Furthermore, developments of HR plans that are in line with a sense of open communication makes stakeholders feel that their opinion s are worthy and meaningful to the organizations senior management. Organizations tend to implement the underlying standards of the SHRM during crises. This in turn creates pressure on line managers and HR because they view the introduction of these exploitations as part of the problem. Firms need to take into consideration the fact that most advantages of strategic HRM are not usually visible immediately (Garavan McGuire, 2010). Novel procedures and practices take time to settle down. The daily Human Resource procedures tend to transform and line managers get novel duties. A line manager is charged with directly managing other workers and organizational functions while being accountable to a higher ranking executive. As the article states, it is common for organizations to involve line managers in HRM. Clearly, the duty of the HRM implementation is charged to the line manager since s/he has to carry out HRM practices on the work floor (Stone, 2013). Studies carried out in the past have identified different challenges that usually hinder line manage rs in doing their HR duties. Today, research aims at gauging to what extent line managers view these challenges as a hindrance. Line managers are becoming more involved in HRM due to a sudden need for a comprehensive approach to it. This approach can best be achieved through the unification of duties under the manager with daily duties for workers since they regularly communicate with their workers (Ronalds Raper. 2012). The growth of profit-center or cost-center approaches in companies has been attributed to the increased HR duties of line managers. A high performance work system (HPWS) is a representation of an integrated and systematic approach of the management of human resources toward the placement of HR operations and the attainment of organizational strategy (Ferrary, 2008). The notions and concepts of high performance work systems has been present for a long time now, and has its sources in the late 20th Century when the manufacturing environment was being established in America. It is at this particular era that the country acknowledged that worldwide competition was upon them and needed to rethink their manufacturing processes. HPWS tends to produce positive results for both firms and individuals. In the recent past, this particular systematic approach has been acknowledged as the dominant worldwide HRM system. A number of HR practices will always lead to excellent performance whatever the context, and it is the strength with which these practices are taken on that has greater effect on organizational performance than organizational fit (Bilimoria Piderit, 2007). The role of the HRM transforms dramatically. Increased competition on the market also transformed imperatives for HR and it is here that the strategic role of HR management in an organization was introduced. This role has so far brought about a huge movement in the duties and responsibilities of HR. By saying that a new strategic role for HRM has emerged, they mean that organizations can now foretell and anticipate future developments (Jackson, Schuler Jiang, 2014). HR needs to largely invest into the leadership development as the younger generation of managers has the capacity to beat the competition. Within such a setting, the HR expert who is seen as being necessary by executives and managers is a strategic partner as well as a change mentor. Encouraging effective techniques of communication, empowerment through responsibility, and goal setting establishes employee ownership of a given organization. The HR personnel assist in the development of the organizational atmosphere and culture in which individuals have the concern, commitment and ability to serve consumers better (Jenkins Delbridge, 2013). This is yet another new role of HRM where the management provides employee growth opportunities, profit-sharing chances, often scheduled communication chances and organization development interventions (Garavan McGuire, 2010). As it has been observed, companies are trying to sell themselves (branding) to employees inside and outside the organization. This is because they are making an effort to build solutions that start at the very center of an organization and spreads across various departments and operations. Internal and external branding helps to get rid of the disconnects that usually breakdown the delivery of consumer promise (Stone, 2013). Where branding is concerned, different individuals have distinct concepts of what that truly entails. Everyone within a given company needs to understand what a brand stands for and that failure to deliver its promise and worth would mean failure of the organization. HRM is today being acknowledged as a normative idea aiming to establish more competitive and effective organizations through the use of workers. These are considered to be the most significant sole asset of the companies (Ferrary, 2008). HRM is now so special that it strives for the best practice approach to the running of human resources with an aim to attaining organizational and developmental purposes in the constructed setting. Most managers in firms in the past, and present, are still making use of the hard approach to HRM, while others make use of the soft approach. Recent findings have indicated that the latter is actually the best practice approach in running the distinct human resources involved in industry development (Jackson, Schuler Jian, 2014). The hard approach to HRM is concerned with the significance of strategy where human resources are organized to attain organizational objectives and goals as it is the same with other resources. The soft approach usually clarifies on the approaches to take advantage of so as to enhance quality, flexibility, and loyalty of workers (Scherer Palazzo, 2011). It is common for people to be confused between these two approaches as they are found on two extremes of management. Under the hard approach to HRM, individuals are seen to be lazy and working only on their self interests. The approach believes that the organizations and workers interests are quite opposite, and it is therefore the responsibility of the management to induce transformations in behavior of the workers to further organizational goals. The hard approach to HRM can be compared to the carrot and stick approach. It sees individuals as machinery and the management is expected to exploit them. On the other hand, the soft approach to HRM is quite distinct from the hard one in that it sees individuals as having motivations, feelings, and emotions. To managers who are employing this particular approach, these people are not just machines and are thus more interested in work as they attain personal realization through work (Garavan McGuire, 2010). This approach does not believe individuals to be naturally lazy and are actually self accountable. People are capable of being creative and proactive and management must give confidence and not force them to work towards the organizational goals. It is unfortunate to realize that neither of these two approaches to HRM works excellently given that they do not represent reality. This means that individuals tend to behave in different ways and can therefore not be grouped as machines, or accountable fellows. An effective manager in todays business world must follow a style of his own while taking a few pointers from hard HRM and some f rom soft HRM. By so doing, they will have an approach that is a good combination of the two and suits their personalities and requirements. Totalitarianism refers to a political framework involving the population of a given nation being wholly subject to the governments complete power in pursuing its vision (Kramar, 2012). In the business world, conducting usual business and personal activities under a totalitarian dynamic can be quite challenging because government agents and the law enforcement often act without being limited by usual legal procedures. Moreover, it means that leaders have the authority to regulate all aspects of public and private life. Where HRM is concerned, this approach is not effective and tends to dictate everything that should be done by employees. Unfortunately, workers do not have any power over the decisions that are being made and are forced to accept whatever decision is made by the senior management (Ronalds Raper, 2012). The democratic approach is recommended for most organizations and especially HRM because it offers employees more freedom and open communication channels. It does not necessarily limit the power of employees, and they are incorporated in the decision making process. Unlike in totalitarianism where the will of the staff is not a priority, a more democratic approach means that the will of these individuals is taken into consideration. Some individuals argue that a totalitarian dynamic in relation to HRM would be ideal because decisions are made within a split second thus taking a shorter time (Stone, 2013). However, those in opposition argue that having one individual make the final decision or have the final say does not always produce the best solutions to a given problem. Having a more democratic approach means that more solutions can be offered and the most suitable chosen for the specific problem. According to Isabel Metz, women tend to leave work because of family responsibilities given different factors. This perception has long since underpinned the differential treatment of men and women in todays organizations. According to a recent survey conducted in an Australian bank, family responsibilities are actually not the main reason why women leave work. Contrarily, they leave work due to discrimination and unfriendly work settings (Jenkins Delbridge, 2013). The social role theory suggests that family duties may be the main reason why most women leave their jobs, something which partly explains their lower human capital and underrepresentation in management, compared to their male counterparts. What most people seem to forget is that not all women have family duties. Such issues are not only specific to Australia but are also quite relevant in other nations. From what has so far been observed, womens representation in senior management and management is different across industries in similar nations. Interestingly, it is unclear if women leave their work because they desire to focus more on their family duties or because they are forced by work-related factors beyond their control (Boushey, 2008). That is why organizations need to understand the true role of family duties in womens decision to leave work particularly in todays ostensibly family-friendly companies. Upon realizing that women are more prone to leave work due to unfriendly work settings rather than family duties, organizations are now making an effort to adjust job responsibilities, and employ work days that match school hours as a way of retaining women in the workplace. Better still, a few have provided for daycare services for working mothers, a move that has positively been embraced and productivity increased (Bilimoria Piderit, 2007). Today, it is necessary to help women stay in the workforce because they tend to be more motivated and work harder than their male counterparts. Since time immemorial, men have always had it easy in terms of finding employment and securing top positions. They have also enjoyed higher pays. Women, on the other hand, have been discriminated upon and paid lesser wages and salaries. Therefore, if a woman finds an opportunity to be ahead and secure a top position at her place of work, she would be more willing and sacrifice more to get there than her male counterpart. In turn, the organization will be more profitable and productive. References Bilimoria, D., Piderit, S.K. (2007). Handbook of women in business and management. Glos, UK: Edward Elgar. Boushey, H. (2008). Opting-out?: The effect of children on womens employment in the United States. Feminist Economics, 14(1). Pp. 1 36. Ferrary, M. (2008). A stakeholders perspective on human resource management. Journal of Business Ethics, 87. Pp. 31 43. Garavan, T.N., McGuire, D. (2010). Human resource development and society: Human resource developments role in embedding corporate social responsibility, sustainability, and ethics in organizations. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 12(5). Pp. 487 507. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S., Jiang, K. (2014). An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management. Academy of Management Annals, 8. Pp. 1 89. Jenkins, S., Delbridge, R. (2013). Context matters: Examining soft and hard approaches to employee engagement in two workplaces. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(11). Pp. 2670 2691. Kramar, R. (2012). Diversity management in Australia: A mosaic of concepts, practice and rhetoric. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 50(2). Pp. 245 261. Ronalds, C., Raper, E. (2012). Discrimination law and practice. Sydney: Federation Press. Scherer, A.G., Palazzo, G. (2011). The new political role of business in a globalized world: A review of a new perspective on CSR and its implications for the firm, governance, and democracy. Journal of Management Studies, 48(4). Pp. 899 931. Stone, R. (2013). Managing human resources. 4th Edition. Australia: John Wiley Sons.

Raiders of the lost ark Essay Example

Raiders of the lost ark Essay The film Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark is one of the greatest films of all time every aspect of filmmaking in it is superb.The theme the plot the script the acting, all of it is great including the setting the costumes the makeup the direction the photography editing and sound is fabulous.Everything that makes a good movie a good movie is present in this film. Theme- The theme of the movie is about courage, triumph over good and evil in the quest to find the mystical Ark of the Covenant.The director Steven Spielberg did not use any motifs to convey the theme but the director did use the reoccurring symbol of the headpiece to the staff of Raw.Whenever you saw it you get the feeling that time is running out or it is in the wrong hands.Spielberg did use a metaphor to strengthen the theme it also ties in with the symbol of the movie.When you see the German professional and he has the headpiece burned into his hand it symbolizes it falling into the wrong hands. Plot- The plot of the movie is not profound but it is great the film is about Dr. Jones a professor of archaeology who is asked by the United States Military Intelligence Agency to beat the Germans in the race to find the lost Ark of the Covenantfirst.His journey takes him to Nepal, the dangerous market places of Cairo, and a top secrete submarine base in India.To complete his task Jones must survive poison, traps, snakes, treachery, and a division of the Nazi army.The plot is very good but it is somewhat unbelievable,first of all the movie is about the recovery of a religious artifact, which many people dont believe in any way.Secondly the fact that a college professor of archaeology is risking his life every minute doing amazing things like taking down an entire force of Nazi soldiers with his six shooter and his trusty whip.This makes the plot seem very surreal. Script- The script of the movie is very good the dialogues of t

Mass Media Violation Sociology Essay Sample

Mass Media Violation Sociology Essay Sample Violence in Mass Media Sociology Essay Sample Violence in Mass Media Sociology Essay Sample Currently observed increase in the number of crimes related to violence, especially among children and adolescents, makes people think about what social conditions lead to this. Perhaps, such values as individualism and materialism in society contribute to the increase in violence. Alternatively, the reason is the increasingly widening gap between the power of wealth and poverty of powerlessness. Another variant is that stalking savoring of violence in mass culture leads to this result. The latter assumption arises from the surge of physical violence coincided with an increase of bloody scenes in the media, especially on the TV. Television Violence Nowadays, the television broadcast a great variety of different programs, commercials, movies, and they abound in violence and sex. Currently, it is the main â€Å"food† of the audience. Many scientists and researchers in the field of press and mass communications has sounded the alarm about the fact that terror without the television does not make sense, and violence on the screen should be restricted by law (Ardis, Centerwall, and Huesmann). This work is devoted to the television broadcasting in order to clarify an overall assessment of morality on television, as well as urge to act, in particular, regulating broadcast of the television programs and films containing scenes of violence, sex and profanity. An informational impact of the media on the audience as a scientific problem was delivered in the first half of the twentieth century (Ardis 37). With the advent of television, which is a mass, powerful and extremely effective tool for the formation of attitude to the world among the audience, interest in this issue has reached a new level. One of the central themes of this kind of research was medial violence and its role in the transformation of people’s ideas about real life. However, in case one summarizes an overview of the known approaches to the study of the medial effects, their excessive diversity and inconsistency that sometimes reaches to diametrically opposed assessments strikes. For example, the theory of stimulation and social learning theory are the basis for the growing accusations against the TV (Bandura 13). Supporters of the accusatory position say about notorious justification of violence through its medial presentation and the desensitizing effect of such scenes on the minds of teenagers, etc. Remarkably, it is surprising how the today youth manage to remain tolerant and not violent receiving such unreasonably large charge of negative emotions daily. After all, if their behavior really depended on the television broadcast only, the criminal actions would be counted in thousands; the reality would be closer to the virtual reflection. Against the background of the debate about the phenomenon of violence, similar pattern is unlikely to provide a good material for a methodological problem solving related to television consumption. On the other hand, the opponents of strict legislative and administrative measures restricting the display of violence on television believe that â€Å"cinematic† acts only on marginalized groups that are originally inclined to inappropriate behavior (Centerwall 16). Here, one can use the concepts by S. Feshbach that despite their criticism, continue to serve as a good support for this kind of ideology (Feshbach and Tangney 387). Scientists explain their lack of aggression after continuous reception of programs containing violence by the phenomenon of â€Å"replacement† of aggression, which leads to the inhibition of negative manifestations of personality or to increased control over them. These radical differences are very characteristic. Television is seen either isolated from a variety of other factors affecting the real state of affairs, or its role is leveled to the level of minor sources of impact on the psycho-emotional state of a person. Linear, deliberately biased assessment of the role of the television creates an ideal field for the various manipulative practices including those in the scientific world. In addition, one does not take into account the important point: in any historical and social era, the phenomenon of violence is seen, above all, emotionally i.e. at a level beyond logic; hence, its reception is to be influenced by the expressive-communicative and aesthetic factors that are understandable and accessible to the general public at any given time. One of these especially powerful forces is the television culture, as well as the cinema had recently had dominant intellectual influence while earlier, it was the tabloid press. For this reason, in one era, unhurried events that took place on the silver screen were seen as a catalyst of violence. With the development of communication technologies, cinema was replaced with endlessly designed TV and computer characters and amazing monsters. Studies of cinematography held in different countries in the early twentieth century (Ardis and Centerwall) gave similar results: very naive and even chaste movies according to the modern standards provided at the time of their appearance marked â€Å"criminalizing impact† on teenagers. At that time, information chaos did not overwhelm the society, it has not yet been confused by a variety of â€Å"evidence-based† concepts, and things could have been called by their names. Numerous studies confirm the already expressed thesis that the current generation of teenagers perceive in the course of growing a huge number of scenes of murders, violence and cruelty, numerable in tens of thousands by means of the TV watching. Since each of these scenes is made truthfully because it certainly tends to attract the viewer’s attention, there is a feeling of total pseudoreality pressure on the consciousness and the surrounding world. The conductor of this increased aggression is the TV. It is not surprising that scientists distinguish a group of people who are not only entirely dependent on media products but also turned into real TV-addicts. Fear of violence pouring from the TV screens makes them think that the same thing is happening outside the windows of their apartments although in reality, there is nothing of the kind: the number of victims and disasters is disproportionately lower (research shows that during the day, the viewer gets over a hundred of sce nes of murders and violence acts with blood) (Coyne 207). Informational violence is not only inevitable but even necessary emotional background, which is spread to all spheres of life. It is the â€Å"new† social quality of the information correlated with phisiologism and human need to be prepared for physical threats from the outside, i.e. with the qualities that a person has acquired in ontogenesis as an individual, not as a person. In Europe, they began to raise the alarm years ago. However, the results are not very impressive. For example, in Germany, the Commission on Violence allocates special role to the media (Grossman and DeGaetano 137). Some of the results of the Commission are of interest not only for Germany: the shift of emphasis in research from the information technology to the perceiving consciousness clearly signals the transition to a new post informational stage. The media play an increasingly important role, which was previously imposed as a duty to schools, churches and families, and have an impact on the values, goals and styles of relationships in society. Television has become â€Å"the main tool to consciousness industry.† The media promote the adoption of social clichà ©, â€Å"enemy images† through â€Å"simplified and yet inevitably falsified image of reality† (Hopf, Huber, and Weiß 79). Clichà ©d representations are very dangerous because based on them, for example, a simple opponent is directly identified with the enemy. However, to be more precise, one should say that this is not just a clichà ©; it is a repetition of certain stereotypes that have become a resistant concept, but simplified, primitive and, therefore, distorted clichà ©s distorted the picture of the world presented by the media as a reality. The participation of people in public life in such circumstances becomes insignificant: a departure from the community and social disintegration contribute to the development of deviant attitudes and crime in a variety of its manifestations. Television methodically and inevitably creates a grim picture of the reality. The reason for this is the fact that relevant for the TV information is often aggressive and destructive: sensationalism sought by the media can lead to the formation of negative perceptions of the world. Allocation of social and environmental disasters, as well as political and economic scandals, led to the fact that a large part of the audience has a â€Å"mood of the deadline.† The image of violence as a kind of inevitable givens and, as a consequence, the legitimation of violence in the media is of particular importance in promotion of various forms of crime including elements of violence. The image of violence is a verbal and/or optical presentation of physical and mental violence. According to the findings of researchers, deliberate understatement of the social role, the attack on the dignity and identity of the individual and social groups in the television programs in fact justify violence (Huesmann S10). This is especially true for women whose dignity and honor are humiliated by pornographic pictures. The image of violence has a significant share in all TV programs, but recipients are regularly denied in the analysis of its causes. Violence is justified simply by force; it is idealized and appears on the screen in the form of an incoherent action. Violence scenes are directly imprinted in people’s minds because the information offered by these pictures does not encourage speculation. It is an indicative situation: the media and primarily the TV use the information as a mechanical pulse â€Å"catching† the reflexes. The audience subject to the rules of laid down ethical model master these stimuli by producing appropriate social responses to them. The result is the coexistence of two opposing worlds: the world of electronic and technical medial information (journalists and peace mediators) and socially conditioned world of cultural and ethical expectations (the world of the audience). Social information distorted by technical causality of medial language leads to disastrous consequences. It is also appropriate to emphasize that violence is not the only flaw of sophisticated suggestion that customers face (the more developed the country, the more channels of influence there are). The results of this situation, which has already become a familiar and seemingly justified, are as follows. The apparent successive aggressive model gradually changes attitudes towards violence, which leads to the trivialization of violence; violence can be understood as a practical means of solving the problem as â€Å"legitimate, normal situation† and as a valid way of conflicts solving. The television interpretation of reality changes people’s ideas about it, and even their relationship. Violence on the television can be understood as the motivation for violent behavior. In some cases, the television attention becomes a direct incentive to the offender, an occasion to get â€Å"on the scene† to become glorified. For example, one-sided presentation of the report on the escalation of violence at the time of aggressive demonstrations or during large sporting events can create the effect of self-fulfilling prophecy that will actualize expectations aimed at aggression and provoke a departure from the reasonable limits of â€Å"peaceful† visitors and, of course, the participants that are pre-configured to violence. The internal logic of the media, their method of operation, selectivity of their attention and the choice messages are in constant conflict with duties of chronicler, values, and orientation of messages. Quite often, the topic of violence is being developed; sometimes it occurs on the basis of sympathy for executing violence. The television appeared in an ambiguous position. The violence is an integral part of society’s existence. To mix violent scenes means to create an incomplete picture of the world. On the other hand, emphasizing violence and aggression can lead and leads to its escalation. It is a kind of vicious circle that illustrates isolation and finiteness of technocratic civilization. The most important fact is that non-violent television cannot exist. Adjusting this paradox to its logical extreme, one can say that television interpretation of the world as such is an act of aggressive and violent intrusion into reality. The television is contrasted to the world; it opposes the reality, struggles with the world and wins. The Impact of Violence in Contemporary Television Programs on the Child’s Personality With the help of television, children form the â€Å"image of the world† understand the concept of good and evil, justice and friendship and other social phenomena. However, psychologists are more and more sounding the alarm about the mass addiction of children to the TV viewing. In fact, there is an expression â€Å"screen kids.† Children of preschool age spend their time near the TV screens during 2 to 6 hours a day on average. The greatest amount of time children spend in front of the TV is from 18 to 22 hours. Attention is drawn to the fact that children who do not attend kindergarten spend at the TV screens two times more than children attending preschool institutions. Therefore, they get the habit of continuous viewing of TV programs together with their parents, especially working mothers with grandmothers. The trend that preschoolers have a particular interest not only to children’s programs and animated films, but also to art and detective films and infor mation programs addressed to an adult audience became apparent. It is noteworthy that naturalistic display of violence takes place implying a detailed screening of victims, of bloody corpses, bloody fights, severed heads, kidnappings and suchlike. The level of danger that a TV presents to a child is debatable: Firstly, it must be said about the special sensibility and ability of the child’s mind to suggest. Film on the TV affect a person in many ways at the unconscious level. Only a part of the information that is perceived by a child affects the consciousness. The images, sounds, signs and symbols have an inspiring impact. For example, the thunder, the sounds of falling rocks, howling blizzards, among others cause such emotions as fear or a sense of horror. In addition to the clear demonstration of violence, cinema actively uses implicit violence. For example, a train oncoming at the viewer makes the child fear of being crushed. The scenes of murder in tightly closed room, locked doors, key in the lock on the inside, the sound of busy heart, which are not realized by the audience all these contribute to the development of feelings of anxiety and constant danger. In order to defend against these unpleasant emotions, the child displaces them in the unconscious part of the psyche. An adult may not immediately notice any obvious changes in the behavior or response of the child. Most parents report that their children like watching detective movies or movies with elements of violence. However, those unpleasant emotions and terrible images or sounds that the child perceives from the screen are stored in the unconscious and can disturb the baby in the form of dreams, fears, increased anxiety or neurotic symptoms. Secondly, it must be said about the â€Å"habituation effect† and the contagiousness of aggressive behavior. Continuous viewing of violence blunts emotional feelings among children; they become accustomed to violence, and they form indifference to human pain. If every 15 minutes on the television screen pain or violence are broadcast, after a while, the child perceives it as a norm. He forms the standard of emotional response. It can be assumed that the lack of spirituality and the special cruelty of the contemporary adolescents are strongly associated with emotional, moral and ethical standards, which have been formed by their society, and especially the TV. Psychological studies have shown that if a preschool child is exposed to video-related violence in a laboratory, he/she immediately afterwards starts to behave aggressively (Grossman and DeGaetano 200). to the reason for this is the fact that children tend to imitate the behavior that has received positive reinforcement. For example, an aggressive cartoon character is the winner, and nobody condemns him. According to psychologists, a certain way of understanding the aggression develops during the screen fights in young viewers; thus, a certain script of actions creates, which is not recognized by the child (Grossman, and DeGaetano 215). However, when faced with difficulties in relationships with people, the child remembers the scenario of aggressive behavior, which he/she constantly sees on the screen, this script tells him the likely course of action. Thirdly, it is important to mention â€Å"romanticizing† of villains in feature films that children watch with their parents’ affrays. Romanticizing of the negative lifestyle leads to the formation of the corresponding moral behavior patterns. Sometimes, parents feel that the child perceives the film as an adult does. However, it is not true. The child does not understand the metaphors and cannot properly understand the events on the screen since thinking of a preschool child is visual-efficient and visually-shaped. He/she catches the main line of the plot and the concrete behavior. Fourthly, it should be noted that the modern television does not support the mental development of children. The share of developmental programs in television is from 1.5% to 3% of broadcast time. One should compare it with advertising that takes 23% of the television time (Grossman and DeGaetano 76). A child who watches a cartoon or a movie is identified with its heroes. The process of identifying with real or imaginary models and carriers of moral rules is imperative. Therefore, it is very important what TV program the child watches. A modern person does not live only in the external material world but also in the global information field. Information space surrounding the person largely determines the formation of his/her â€Å"worldview†. It is hard to imagine the life of the modern family without television. Television is a â€Å"window to the outside world†, and at a reasonable approach, it can serve as an educational and entertaining tool. Research media, particularly the television both in the USA and abroad are successfully maintained for a long time. One of the most urgent problems in the study of telecommunication is the problem of assessing and measuring the psychological aspects of human exposure to television. Television has a powerful potential to shape public opinion, the mindset of people, which, in turn, acts as an important factor in the regulation of social behavior. On-screen violence today is a form of mass entertainment. Violence, including the broadcast one, is a component of the mass consciousness. Unfortunately, in the pursuit of commercial gain, a great number of creators and distributors of films clearly alter the sense of proportion. There is much more violence in the movies than it is required by economic considerations, and inadmissibly more to be able to effectively perform the public functions of cinema. Cinema is intended to instill in people a sense of faith, love and hope. It is obvious that most of the younger generation is trapped in screen violence. Without the help of public institutions, it is impossible to solve the problem. Thus, the activation of the social forces from families and schools to government agencies is promising. Anyway, an adequate assessment of the escalation of violence on the screen should be given, and the real work to combat its spread and mass perception should be started.

American Foreign Policy Under George Washington

American Foreign Policy Under George Washington As Americas first president, George Washington practiced a pragmatically cautious yet successful foreign policy. Taking a Neutral Stance As well as being the father of the country, Washington was also the father of early US neutrality. He understood that the United States was too young, had too little money, had too many domestic issues, and had too small a military to actively engage in a strident foreign policy. Still, Washington was no isolationist. He wanted the United States to be an integral part of the western world, but that could only happen with time, solid domestic growth, and a stable reputation abroad. Washington avoided political and military alliances, even though the US had already been the recipient of military and financial foreign aid. In 1778, during the American Revolution, the United States and France signed the Franco-American Alliance. As part of the agreement, France sent money, troops, and naval ships to North America to fight the British. Washington himself commanded a coalition force  of American and French troops at the climactic siege of Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781.​ Nevertheless, Washington declined aid to France during warfare in the 1790s. A revolution - inspired, in part, by the American Revolution - began in 1789. As France sought to export its anti-monarchical sentiments throughout Europe, it found itself at war with other nations, chiefly Great Britain. France, expecting the US would respond favorably to France, asked Washington for aid in the war. Even though France only wanted the US to engage British troops who were still garrisoned in Canada, and take on British naval ships sailing near US waters, Washington refused. Washingtons foreign policy also contributed to a rift in his own administration. The president eschewed political parties, but a party system began in his cabinet nonetheless. Federalists, the core of whom had established the federal government with the Constitution, wanted to normalize relations with Great Britain. Alexander Hamilton, Washingtons secretary of the treasury and defacto Federalist leader, championed that idea. However, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson led another faction - the Democrat-Republicans. (They called themselves simply Republicans, although that is confusing to us today.) The Democrat-Republicans championed France - since France had helped the US and was continuing its revolutionary tradition - and wanted widespread trade with that country. Jays Treaty France - and the Democrat-Republicans - grew angrier with Washington in 1794 when he appointed Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay as a special emissary to negotiate normalized trade relations with Great Britain. The resulting Jays Treaty secured most-favored-nation trade status for the US in the British trade network, settlement of some pre-war debts, and a pull-back of British troops in the Great Lakes area. Farewell Address Perhaps Washingtons greatest contribution to US foreign policy came in his farewell address in 1796. Washington was not seeking a third term (although the Constitution did not then prevent it), and his comments were to herald his exit from public life. Washington warned against two things. The first, although it was really too late, was the destructive nature of party politics. The second was the danger of foreign alliances. He warned neither to favor one nation too highly over another and to not ally with others in foreign wars. For the next century, while the United States did not steer perfectly clear of foreign alliances and issues, it did adhere to neutrality as the major part of its foreign policy.

The Primary Benefits of Telenursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Primary Benefits of Telenursing - Assignment Example The e-health practice is applicable in various avenues such as remote monitoring and patient consultations (Kumar & Snooks, 2011). Ethics is a core concept in nursing because of the sensitivity of the practice. Almost all nursing institutions incorporate the study of ethics in their curriculum in order to enable learners to practice fairly and efficiently in the field. The ethical principals in nursing entail caring, communication and relations between the nurses and the patients. These ethical principals provide guidelines to telenurses in an ethical dilemma situation. Telenursing has various ethical dilemmas like in cases where a third party person (relative) calls the telenurse on behalf of the patient. In this case, the ethical dilemma entails a conflict between the relative’s and patient’s autonomy as well as the telenurse’s desire to help (Kumar & Snooks, 2011). In addition, telenursing has other ethical issues such as confidentiality of the information because the patients rely on different methods of communication to explain their condition. Additionally, the information provided to the nurses may lack credibility especially in situations where the patient is a minor, and they cannot comprehend their condition effectively. Ethical principles such as listening and communication abilities enable the telenurses to establish a particular condition in a patient effectively. The nurses also apply various ethical principles to resolve a situation where the interests of the concerned parties’ conflict during a telenursing process (Kumar & Snooks).